Arnold, Jan (Mrs. Forrest): George Kerr and Sarah Lavina Adams, Their Ancestors and Descendants, 1975. Contains chapter on William Pence, son of Jacob of Augusta (now Rockingham) County, Va.; typescript.

Branner, John C.: Casper Branner of Virginia and his Descendants, 1913. Includes descendants of John Pence, oldest son of Conrad Pence of Shenandoah County, Va.; typescript.

Brookover, Mary Ruth: Brookover-Pence, 1980. Includes descendants of Michael Pence of Shenandoah County, Va., and Adams County, Oh.; printed, cardstock cover.

Carlson, Glenna Gandy: Research Report: Peter Pence - Revolutionary Soldier, Indian Fighter, 1982. Descendants of Peter Pence of Lycoming County, Pa., including family group sheets, census reports and clippings; typescript; photo copies in some major libraries.

Carson, Beatrice: Pence Family History: Descendants of Henry, Lewis and Jacob Pence of Shenandoah County, Virginia, and Champaign County, Ohio, 1967. Unpublished typed manuscript in the possession of Richard A. Pence, who made a copy for the Champaign County Library in Urbana. Miss Carson's niece, Janice Beatley, Cincinnati, Oh. (now deceased) revised portions of this and placed copies in local, state and a few other libraries.

Crone, Frank: Crone and Allied Families, 1924 and 1933. Includes some descendants of Wyrich Bentz of Lancaster and York Counties, Pa.; typescript; copies available in some major libraries.

Eckhardt, Mrs. W. R. Jr.: Pence and Perkey, no date. Collection of research notes and correspondence dealing primarily with these two familes in Augusta (now Rockingham) County, Va.; apparently added to and updated from time to time and circulated among correspondents (the compiler has copies of three different versions); typescript, not bound; photo copies may be available in major libraries; this material should be used with care as there is much speculation and few citations to records.

Malott, Eva, Ada McPhilliamy and Dick Pence: Digging Our Roots: Families of Pence, Shannahan, Ward, Mann and Cravens, 1977. Includes many descendants of Lewis Pence (son of Jacob and incorrectly called son of Lewis) of Shenandoah County, Va., and Champaign County, Oh.; printed and hardbound; available in major libraries.

McLaughlin, Glenna Freeman: Descendants of George Smith and Jacob Heck, Revolutionary Patriots of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, 1978. Information on Isaac and Jacob Pence of Licking County, Oh., probable sons of Peter Pence, son of Nicholas Pence of Shenandoah County, Va.; typscript; available in some major libraries; well researched.

Oliver, Cora Hazen: The Descendants of George C. Pence and Sarah Windle, 1936. Descendants of a son of Michael Pence of Shenandoah County, Va., and Adams County, Oh.; George C.'s family settled in Whitley County, Ind.; typescript; available in some major libraries; Ada McPhilliamy has prepared a name index.

Packer, Warren M.:Descendants of Michael and Susannah (Frye) Pence of Virginia and Ohio, 1967. Available on microfilm from the Family History Library.

Pence, Kingsley Adolphus: The History of Judge John Pence and Descendants, 1912. Descendants of one of the 19 children of Henry Pence of Shenandoah County, Va., and Champaign County, Oh.; printed, hardbound; available in most larger libraries; well done, but largely undocumented.

Pence, Maxine E.: The Pence Family of Georgia, North and South Carolina, 1986. Descendants of Abraham Pence of South Carolina and North Carolina; most of the descendants originally lived in Gilmer County, Ga.; typescript, plastic binding; available from the author, 911 Moyer, Cheney, WA 99004.

Pence, Maxine E.: Pence Research Data, no date (1987?). Collection of data from various sources gathered by Mrs. Pence during her research for the above book; typescript, cardstock cover; available from the author.

Pence, Monroe Conger: A History of Pence Place Names and Early Pences in America, 1962. Miscellaneous Pence records, with emphasis on towns in U.S. named Pence; the correspondence on which genealogies are based now in possession of Richard A. Pence; small printed book with cardstock cover; available in most larger libraries.

Pence, Randy, One Plus One Equals One Thousand - Eventually, 1988, Powell Press, Beattysville, Ky. Descendants of Andrew Jackson Pence of Wolfe County, Ky. Availability unknown. The speculations about Andrew's ancestry in this book are just that.

Pence, Richard Allen: A Guide to the Pence Families of America: Part I, Jacob and Valentine Pence of Augusta (Rockingham) County, Virginia, published by the author, 1982. Some descendants of these two brothers who settled in Augusta County by 1747. Available in many libraries; LDS Family History Library Film No. 1320680.

Pence, Richard Allen: A Guide to the Pence Families of America: Part II, Lewis, Jacob and Henry Pence of Shenandoah (Page) County, Virginia, and Champaign County, Ohio. Published by the author, 1982. Some of the descendants of these brothers who settled in what is now Page County by 1752; available in some libraries; LDS Family History Library Film No. 1320680.

Pense, Beverly: Genealogy and History of the Pense and Allied Families, 1987. (Descendants of John Pence of Alabama, most of whose descendants went to Crawford County, Ark.; printed, hardcover; possibly available from author and in larger libraries.)

Stiles, Lewis Ogden: The Family of David Stiles, 1939. Contains chapter by Lafayette Stiles Pence, whose mother was a Stiles, but has little on his Pence ancestors, who were from Hardin and Grayson Counties in Kentucky; printed, hardbound.)

Wallace, Harry R.: Eva May Pence Wallace (1894-1932), 1964. Pences from Hardin and Grayson Counties, Ky.; typescript, offset; many early miscellaneous Pence records; available in major genealogical libraries.

1. HOT WORDS. Run your spell checker before posting. Your messages will look foolish if you misspell "genealogy." Proper punctuation is essential for clarity - and that includes using your shift key at the proper times.

2. FREQUENCY OF POSTS. Don't be a bandwidth hog. If you are stumped and have exhausted other reasonable approaches, then accurately frame your question(s) and post it/them to the appropriate venue - that is, make sure message is appropriate to the topic of the mailing list or newsgroup in which you post. There are many genealogy mailing lists and newsgroups and it's up to you to properly direct your questions. If you are using the newsgroups, don't post them in several different groups except over a reasonable interval. Since many participate in a number of different genealogy lists or groups, they can become irritated if they see the same message several times the same day.

3. WHAT TO QUOTE: Be sure to reference the question you are responding to by quoting from it - but only quote what is actually needed to convey that message and delete other portions of the previous message(s), especially the "trailers." Quotes of quotes of quotes make messages incomprehensible and take up unnecessary bandwidth.

4. SIGNATURES. Include as much information as you are comfortable with, but try to stay within the acceptable guidelines for signature length. That means a maximum of 5 lines, 3 preferred - and no "art work." Using your real full name in genealogy newsgroups is usually a plus in making solid contacts.

5. CHOICE SUBJECTS. Describe as fully and accurately as you can what your message seeks in the subject line of your message. Nondescriptive subjects are often ignored. Subjects like "Help Needed" won't tell the reader much and often will earn the message a trip to the "Deleted" file.

6. SURNAME QUERIES. We don't often realize it, but lots of people have the same name. If you don't identify the persons you are looking for completely, no one can help you. Full name, time and place are essential to proper identification.

7. SEARCH SHY. For heaven's sake, do your homework before you post. Often it is easier to do a quick web search than it is to post a message. And if you ask a question before you try to locate an answer on your own, not only will you sometimes look silly, over time people will just quit answering your questions because they will resent doing your work for you. Besides search engines, there are dictionaries, glossaries, encyclopedias, calendars, maps and place finders galore on the Internet. Learn to use them. Cyndi's List is a great starting point. Familiarize yourself with it and you'll soon learn how to find the sites that will help you.

8. FAITHFUL PARTICIPATION. The "faithful" participant is not the one who posts the most, but the one who posts the wisest. It's sometimes tempting, but try not to comment on every issue. If you don't know the answer, don't guess. That usually confuses the issue. If possible, cite the source of your response.

9. INFORMING THE CROWD. It is often not necessary to post your answers for all to see. Evaluate your response. If it's primarily of interest only to the person to whom you are responding, the preference is to send it e-mail. If others might benefit from it also, by all means post to the group. If you are asking a question, don't make it difficult for others to respond directly to you by intentionally using an invalid return address (sometimes referred to as an "anti-spam address"). 10. MAKING SURE. Test messages to a newsgroup are a last resort. Don't do it. If you ABSOLUTELY must "test" the system, do it with an actual message.

11. CRAFTING REPLIES. We're all authors at heart or we wouldn't be participants - but do weigh whether it is really necessary to respond to a question that has already been answered or to add your "amen" to it. There is no limit to how often you can post, but there is a limit to other people's tolerance of what they see as abuse. There is no need to clog the list with unneeded responses.

12. INTERNET TRUTH. Not everything you see on the 'Net is the truth. In fact, a good bit of it is ill-informed and undocumented. Don't pass on information that you haven't verified. Myths and hoaxes abound, but these are easy to check. Even a trusted friend sometimes can pass on faulty information and, besides, is it your responsibility to be Chicken Little? If you do decide to pass something on to a group, keep in mind that the material is likely copyrighted and therefore should only be sent privately, not to a list or group.

Copyright 2000, Richard A. Pence